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Related Concept Videos

The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis
06:53

Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis

Published on: August 21, 2013

p16 gene expression in basal cell carcinoma.

Sima Ataollahi Eshkoor1, Patimah Ismail, Sabariah Abdul Rahman

  • 1Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. simaataollahi@yahoo.com

Archives of Medical Research
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

p16INK4a, a cell cycle regulator, is significantly increased in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumors. This finding suggests p16INK4a plays a role in the development of this common skin cancer.

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07:50

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11:28

Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics

Published on: May 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer primarily affecting sun-exposed areas in fair-skinned individuals.
  • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is a major risk factor for BCC development.
  • Cell-cycle abnormalities, particularly involving the retinoblastoma regulatory pathway, are implicated in BCC pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of p16INK4a, a key regulator of the cell cycle, in the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
  • To analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels of p16INK4a in BCC tissues compared to normal skin.

Main Methods:

  • In situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess p16INK4a mRNA expression.
  • Immunohistochemistry was employed to evaluate p16INK4a protein expression.
  • Ten Iranian paraffin-embedded BCC skin samples were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Both p16INK4a mRNA and protein showed significant expression in BCC tumor cells compared to normal skin tissue (p<0.05).
  • Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining patterns varied, indicating differential expression within tumor and normal cells.
  • The expression of p16INK4a was linked to cell cycle proliferation in both tumor and normal tissues.

Conclusions:

  • The p16INK4a gene is involved in the pathogenesis of human skin basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
  • Elevated p16INK4a mRNA and protein levels in tumor cells support its role in BCC development.