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Related Concept Videos

Bullying02:04

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice
07:06

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Published on: January 24, 2025

Childhood victimization and lifetime revictimization.

Cathy Spatz Widom1, Sally J Czaja, Mary Ann Dutton

  • 1Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice (CUNY), New York, NY 10019, USA.

Child Abuse & Neglect
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Childhood victimization significantly increases the risk of revictimization in adulthood. Early intervention for abused and neglected children is crucial to prevent future trauma exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Criminology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood victimization is a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding the long-term consequences of early trauma is essential for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between childhood victimization and subsequent revictimization.
  • To explore demographic differences (gender, race/ethnicity) in victimization rates.
  • To identify specific types of childhood abuse and neglect associated with increased risk.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study design.
  • Inclusion of individuals with documented childhood abuse/neglect and a matched control group.
  • In-person interviews using a lifetime trauma and victimization history instrument.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with childhood victimization experienced higher rates of trauma and revictimization.
  • All forms of childhood victimization increased the risk of lifetime revictimization.
  • Significant interactions found between victimization status and gender/race/ethnicity.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood victimization strongly predicts later revictimization.
  • Early intervention for abused and neglected children and their families is vital.
  • Findings underscore the importance of addressing childhood trauma to prevent long-term negative outcomes.