Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Field-dependent paramagnetic relaxation enhancement in solutions of Ni(II): What happens above the NMR proton frequency of 1 GHz?

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2020
Same author

An ab initio CASSCF study of zero field splitting fluctuations in the octet ground state of aqueous [Gd(iii)(HPDO3A)(H<sub>2</sub>O)].

The Journal of chemical physics·2018
Same author

Spectral density mapping at multiple magnetic fields suitable for (13)C NMR relaxation studies.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2016
Same author

Chemical Shielding Anisotropies for Chloroform Exchanging between a Free Site and a Complex with Cryptophane-D: A Cross-Correlated NMR Relaxation Study.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2015
Same author

Investigation of chloromethane complexes of cryptophane-A analogue with butoxy groups using ¹³C NMR in the solid state and solution along with single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC·2015
Same author

Systematic theoretical investigation of the zero-field splitting in Gd(III) complexes: wave function and density functional approaches.

The Journal of chemical physics·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins
09:25

NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins

Published on: November 1, 2024

NMR relaxation interference effects and internal dynamics in gamma-cyclodextrin.

Leila Ghalebani1, Dmytro Kotsyubynskyy, Jozef Kowalewski

  • 1Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates gamma-cyclodextrin dynamics in solution using advanced magnetic field measurements. It reveals how cross-correlated relaxation rates help determine conformational jump rates and chemical shielding anisotropy.

More Related Videos

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the &#181;s-ms Timescale
08:09

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
07:24

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: September 23, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins
09:25

NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins

Published on: November 1, 2024

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the &#181;s-ms Timescale
08:09

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
07:24

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: September 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Molecular Dynamics
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides with unique host-guest properties.
  • Understanding their conformational dynamics is crucial for applications in drug delivery and catalysis.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing molecular motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular dynamics of gamma-cyclodextrin in a mixed solvent system.
  • To determine conformational jump rates and chemical shielding anisotropy using NMR relaxation data.
  • To validate a modified two-site jump model for analyzing complex relaxation phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-field (9.4, 14.1, 21.1 T) (13)C NMR relaxation measurements (spin-lattice, spin-spin).
  • Measurement of heteronuclear Overhauser enhancement and cross-correlated relaxation rates (CCRRs).
  • Analysis of relaxation data using the Lipari-Szabo approach and a modified two-site jump model.

Main Results:

  • CCRRs in methylene groups were successfully measured and analyzed.
  • The modified two-site jump model incorporating dipolar cross-correlation provided insights into hydroxymethyl group conformational jumps.
  • Estimated the anisotropy of the chemical shielding tensor based on dynamic information.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-correlated relaxation rates are vital for accurately modeling conformational dynamics in cyclodextrins.
  • The study provides a refined method for analyzing NMR relaxation data to extract dynamic parameters.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of gamma-cyclodextrin's behavior in solution.