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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

The rubber hand illusion in action.

M P M Kammers¹, F de Vignemont, L Verhagen

¹Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.p.m.kammers@uu.nl

Neuropsychologia

|September 3, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) affects perception but not action, showing a dissociation between bodily judgments and motor responses. Active movements do not erase the RHI, challenging existing theories of body representation.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

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Published on: March 1, 2017

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Motor Control

Background:

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) demonstrates how visual and tactile information can alter body perception, causing a proprioceptive drift towards a fake hand.
Accurate body part representation is crucial for effective motor commands, yet the impact of RHI-induced drift on action has been unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether motor actions are affected by the proprioceptive drift experienced during the rubber hand illusion.
To assess the resistance of the RHI to new proprioceptive information generated by active movements.

Main Methods:

Two kinematic experiments were conducted to measure motor responses and perceptual judgments under RHI conditions.
Participants' active movements of the stimulated hand were used to introduce new proprioceptive information.

Main Results:

Action demonstrated resistance to the rubber hand illusion, indicating illusion-insensitive ballistic motor responses.
The rubber hand illusion showed resistance to action, with perceptual judgments remaining illusion-sensitive even after active movements.
The stimulated hand was perceived as closer to the rubber hand for perceptual tasks, persisting after active movements.

Conclusions:

A dissociation exists between illusion-insensitive motor responses and illusion-sensitive perceptual judgments in the context of the RHI.
Active movement of the stimulated limb does not necessarily eliminate the rubber hand illusion, challenging prior assumptions.
These findings contribute to understanding body representations in the healthy brain and align with dual-process models derived from neuropsychological studies.