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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Published on: July 16, 2015

Stroop interference and the timing of selective response activation.

Marieke M Lansbergen1, J Leon Kenemans

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. M.Lansbergen@psy.umcn.nl

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|September 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Behavioral Stroop interference arises from processing delays before selective response activation, particularly when incongruent stimuli are infrequent. This timing analysis offers insights into cognitive processes and potential applications in psychopathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • The Stroop task is a widely used paradigm to study selective attention and cognitive control.
  • Understanding the precise temporal dynamics of Stroop interference is crucial for elucidating the underlying neural mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the exact timing of selective response activation during a manual color-word Stroop task.
  • To determine how variations in incongruent stimulus probability affect Stroop interference timing.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants completed two versions of a manual color-word Stroop task with differing incongruent trial probabilities.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded to analyze event-related potentials, including the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) and P3 component.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Stroop interference, indicated by longer reaction times for incongruent trials, was more pronounced when incongruent stimuli were less frequent.
  • While average stimulus- and response-locked LRP onset latencies and response-locked LRP amplitudes were unaffected by congruence, P3 peak latencies were longer, and stimulus-locked LRPs were smaller for incongruent trials.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral Stroop interference appears to stem from processing delays occurring before selective response activation in some trials.
  • These findings suggest potential delays occurring after selective response activation, up to approximately 200ms before the overt response.
  • The chronometric analysis provides a method for dissecting the Stroop interference process, with potential relevance for studying psychopathology.