Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
Published on: December 4, 2017
Unified approach to the derivation of work theorems for equilibrium and steady-state, classical and quantum
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Abstract:
We present a unified and simple method for deriving work theorems for classical and quantum Hamiltonian systems, both under equilibrium conditions and in a steady state. Throughout the paper, we adopt the partitioning of the total Hamiltonian into the system part, the bath part, and their coupling. We rederive many equalities which are available in the literature and obtain a number of new equalities for nonequilibrium classical and quantum systems. Our results can be useful for determining partition functions and (generalized) free energies through simulations or measurements performed on nonequilibrium systems.
Related Concept Videos
Classical Mechanics
Work-energy Theorem
The work-energy theorem equates work done by all the forces on an object to the change in its kinetic energy. The theorem can be used to calculate work done by a force when...
Work-Energy Theorem for Motion Along a Curve
Potential-Energy Criterion for Equilibrium
Conservation of Energy: Application
Calculation of First-Law Quantities II
