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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
Strain Energy01:13

Strain Energy

Strain energy is a fundamental concept in the field of materials science and structural engineering, describing the energy absorbed by a material or structure when it is deformed under load.
Consider a rod that is fixed at one end and subjected to an axial force at the free end. This axial force induces stress within the rod, leading to its elongation. As the axial force increases, so does the elongation of the rod, illustrating a direct relationship between the force applied and the resulting...

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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
11:11

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Published on: May 2, 2016

Force-induced stretched state: effects of temperature.

Sanjay Kumar1, Garima Mishra

  • 1Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study models single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) behavior under force and temperature. Results show ssDNA extension can change with temperature, depending on applied force, explaining experimental observations.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Polymer Physics

Background:

  • Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) exhibits complex behavior under external forces.
  • Understanding ssDNA conformational changes is crucial for molecular biology and nanotechnology.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the interplay of temperature and force on ssDNA extension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model for ssDNA in a constant force ensemble.
  • To investigate the effect of temperature on ssDNA extension under varying forces.
  • To explain experimentally observed force-induced transitions in ssDNA.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a self-avoiding walk model with constraints.
  • Incorporated semimicroscopic details of base direction.
  • Performed exact calculations for small DNA chains.

Main Results:

  • ssDNA extension can increase or decrease with temperature.
  • This temperature dependence is contingent upon the applied force.
  • The model successfully explains force-induced transitions in ssDNA.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides insights into ssDNA thermodynamics.
  • Temperature's effect on ssDNA is force-dependent.
  • The model offers a theoretical basis for understanding ssDNA elasticity and transitions.