Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modeling Graphene Deformations Induced by Bucky-Ball and Bucky-Bowl Interactions.

Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry·2026
Same author

Including population and environmental dynamic heterogeneities in continuum models of collective behaviour with applications to locust foraging and group structure.

PLoS computational biology·2025
Same author

Exploring carbon catenoids and their applications for encapsulation of carbon nanostructures.

PloS one·2024
Same author

Catalytic effect of graphene on the inversion of corannulene using a continuum approach with the Lennard-Jones potential.

Nanoscale advances·2023
Same author

Modeling Ultrafast Transport of Water Clusters in Carbon Nanotubes.

ACS omega·2023
Same author

Optimistic and possible contribution of nanomaterial on biomedical applications: A review.

Environmental research·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

Comment on "General equilibrium shape equations of polymer chains".

Ngamta Thamwattana1, James M Hill

  • 1Nanomechanics Group, School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This comment corrects the Euler-Lagrange equations for general equilibrium shapes, finding the original equations and derived results inaccurate for DNA behavior. Corrected equations are provided, enabling consistent physical behavior with appropriate constants.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • The Euler-Lagrange equations are crucial for describing general equilibrium shapes in physical systems.
  • Previous work by Zhang et al. presented specific equations for DNA shape, which are now under scrutiny.

Discussion:

  • This comment identifies inaccuracies in the Euler-Lagrange equations and derived formulas presented by Zhang et al. for general equilibrium shapes.
  • The provided correction involves re-deriving these equations and validating them against established energy functions.
  • Numerical results using the corrected equations demonstrate discrepancies with previously observed DNA physical behavior for specific constant values.

Key Insights:

  • The Euler-Lagrange equations for general equilibrium shapes, as presented by Zhang et al., are demonstrated to be incorrect.
  • Corrected equations are derived and validated, offering a more accurate theoretical framework.
  • The physical behavior of DNA, as modeled by these equations, is shown to be inconsistent with prior observations when using the original constants.

Outlook:

  • The corrected Euler-Lagrange equations can accurately model DNA behavior with appropriate parameter selection.
  • Further research can explore the application of these corrected equations to other complex physical systems.
  • This work highlights the importance of rigorous validation in theoretical physics and biophysics modeling.