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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...

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Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals
05:04

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Published on: November 22, 2021

Strain-dependent deformation behavior in nanocrystalline metals.

Hongqi Li1, Hahn Choo, Yang Ren

  • 1Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. hqli@lanl.gov

Physical Review Letters
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Plastic deformation in nanostructured Ni-Fe alloys transitions from grain boundary accommodation at low strains to dislocation motion at high strains. The 0.2% offset yield strength criterion becomes unreliable for small grain sizes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanostructured alloys offer unique mechanical properties.
  • Understanding deformation mechanisms in these materials is crucial for their application.
  • Previous studies on Ni-Fe alloys showed conflicting results regarding deformation behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the plastic deformation behavior of nanostructured Ni-Fe alloys.
  • To identify the transition in deformation mechanisms with applied strain.
  • To clarify controversial observations in the existing literature.

Main Methods:

  • In situ synchrotron diffraction technique was employed.
  • Deformation behavior was studied as a function of applied strain.
  • Microstructural evolution and strain accommodation mechanisms were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Plastic deformation occurs in two distinct stages.
  • At low strains, deformation is accommodated at grain boundaries.
  • At high strains, dislocation motion becomes dominant.
  • The 0.2% offset criterion for yield strength is not applicable to very small grain sizes.

Conclusions:

  • The deformation mechanism in nanostructured Ni-Fe alloys is strain-dependent.
  • Grain boundary sliding and dislocation motion play critical roles at different strain levels.
  • The findings reconcile conflicting reports in the literature regarding yield strength determination.