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Related Concept Videos

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
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Published on: May 9, 2021

Hydrodynamic boundary conditions and dynamic forces between bubbles and surfaces.

Ofer Manor1, Ivan U Vakarelski, Xiaosong Tang

  • 1Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic forces near surfaces depend on bubble boundary conditions. Surfactants create no-slip conditions, while impurities alter forces by affecting surface transport at the air-water interface.

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Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces
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Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces

Published on: September 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding dynamic forces at interfaces is crucial for various applications.
  • Hydrodynamic boundary conditions at fluid interfaces dictate interaction forces.
  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a key tool for probing nanoscale forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of surfactants and surface impurities on dynamic forces between a bubble and a solid surface.
  • To determine the hydrodynamic boundary conditions governing bubble-surface interactions.
  • To establish a link between dynamic forces and surface transport phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to measure dynamic forces.
  • Driving a 50 micrometer radius bubble towards and away from a mica plate.
  • Conducting experiments in both pure electrolyte solutions and solutions with added surfactant.

Main Results:

  • In the presence of surfactant, dynamic forces align with the no-slip boundary condition at both bubble and mica surfaces.
  • Without surfactant, dynamic forces vary with speed, indicating a different boundary condition.
  • A novel boundary condition, accounting for trace surface impurity transport, successfully explains the observed dynamic force variations.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of surfactants leads to a no-slip hydrodynamic boundary condition at the bubble interface.
  • Surface impurities significantly influence dynamic forces and boundary conditions at the air-water interface in the absence of surfactants.
  • This study provides a direct link between dynamic forces and surface transport effects, offering new insights into interfacial phenomena.