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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
Electric Field Inside a Conductor01:20

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
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Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...
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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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Building a holographic superconductor.

Sean A Hartnoll1, Christopher P Herzog, Gary T Horowitz

  • 1KITP, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A simple gravitational theory holographically describes superconductors, showing a critical temperature for condensate formation and infinite conductivity. The condensate creates a conductivity gap, likely composed of quasiparticle pairs.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum gravity
  • Holographic principle

Background:

  • Superconductors exhibit unique electrical properties below a critical temperature.
  • The holographic principle suggests a duality between gravitational theories and quantum field theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore a simple gravitational theory as a holographic dual for superconductivity.
  • To investigate the formation of charged condensates and their impact on conductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a simplified gravitational theory framework.
  • Analyzing phase transitions and conductivity in the holographic dual.

Main Results:

  • A critical temperature was identified, below which a charged condensate forms via second-order phase transition.
  • Infinite direct current (dc) conductivity and a frequency-dependent conductivity gap were observed.
  • Evidence suggests the condensate is formed by pairs of quasiparticles.

Conclusions:

  • A simple gravitational theory can holographically describe superconductors.
  • The condensate plays a crucial role in determining the superconducting properties, including the conductivity gap.