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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube with...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
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Vapor Pressure

When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Liquid-vapor transition driven by bond disorder.

Behnaz Bozorgui1, Daan Frenkel

  • 1FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. bozorgui@amolf.nl

Physical Review Letters
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Colloidal mixtures with complementary polymers exhibit a vapor-liquid transition driven by entropy and bond disorder, mimicking self-healing material behavior. Simulations confirm this phenomenon, aligning with theoretical predictions and experimental findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Colloidal systems with functionalized polymers offer potential for self-healing materials.
  • Understanding phase transitions in such complex mixtures is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase behavior of an equimolar mixture of hard colloids with complementary polymer coatings.
  • To elucidate the driving forces behind observed transitions, particularly the role of entropy and bond disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Grand-canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were employed.
  • Simulations focused on an equimolar mixture of hard colloids coated with long, complementary functionalized polymers.

Main Results:

  • A first-order vapor-liquid phase transition was observed under conditions of strong polymer end association.
  • The transition occurs from a dilute gas of colloidal dimers to a dense, liquid-like phase.
  • This transition is exclusively driven by the entropic increase associated with bond disorder.

Conclusions:

  • The simulations provide a theoretical basis for the self-healing potential of these colloidal systems.
  • The findings rationalize experimental observations of phase transitions in similar systems.
  • Entropy associated with bond disorder is identified as the key mechanism for the observed vapor-liquid transition.