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Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Anisotropic spin relaxation in graphene.

N Tombros¹, S Tanabe, A Veligura

¹Physics of Nanodevices, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters

|September 4, 2008

Summary

This study reveals that spin relaxation in graphene is significantly faster for spins oriented perpendicular to the graphene layer compared to those parallel to it. This finding impacts the understanding of spin dynamics in graphene spin valve devices.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Spintronics

Background:

Spin relaxation is a critical factor limiting spin lifetimes in spintronic devices.
Graphene's unique electronic properties make it a promising material for spintronics, but understanding spin relaxation mechanisms is essential for device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate spin relaxation dynamics in graphene using electrical spin valve devices.
To compare spin relaxation times for spins injected parallel versus perpendicular to the graphene layer.

Main Methods:

Utilized nonlocal geometry electrical graphene spin valve devices.
Applied magnetic fields perpendicular to the graphene layer to induce Hanle spin precession.
Varied magnetic field strength to control spin injection direction (in-plane vs. out-of-plane magnetization).

Main Results:

Observed a 20% decrease in spin relaxation time for spins injected perpendicular to the graphene layer compared to parallel injection.
Demonstrated that spin relaxation is more pronounced for out-of-plane spin orientations.

Conclusions:

Spin relaxation in graphene is anisotropic, with faster relaxation for out-of-plane spins.
The findings suggest differing contributions of spin-orbit interaction mechanisms (Elliott-Yafet and Dyakonov-Perel) for in-plane and out-of-plane spin orientations.