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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
Published on: June 27, 2025
Anomalous power flow and "ghost" sources
1Enig Associates, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland 20904, USA.
Abstract:
It is demonstrated that EM radiation from complex sources can result in real power in restricted regions of space flowing back towards the sources, thereby mimicking "ghost" sources. This counterintuitive mechanism of radiation does not rely on backward waves, as ordinary waves carry the power. Ways to harness the effect by making it directional are presented, together with selected applications, of which deception is a prime example due to the nature of the phenomenon. The concept can be applied to other areas, such as mechanics, acoustics, etc., and can be realized with available technology.
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