Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...

The Hall Effect

The Hall Effect

Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Evaluation of a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet-induced mouse model in a comparative experimental study of portal hypertension.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026

Same author

Spermidine-Based Carbon Quantum Dots Alleviate Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Dysfunction by Inducing LSEC-Derived NO to Ameliorate Hepatic Fibrosis and Portal Hypertension.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026

Same author

Platelet activation relieves liver portal hypertension <i>via</i> the lymphatic system though the classical vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 signaling pathway.

World journal of gastroenterology·2025

Same author

Construction of an endoplasmic reticulum stress and cuproptosis -related lncRNAs signature in chemosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.

Heliyon·2024

Same author

Quantum algorithmic measurement.

Nature communications·2022

Same author

Quantum Error Correction in Scrambling Dynamics and Measurement-Induced Phase Transition.

Physical review letters·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Spin-charge separation in the quantum spin Hall state.

Xiao-Liang Qi¹, Shou-Cheng Zhang

¹Department of Physics, McCullough Building, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4045, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|September 4, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The quantum spin Hall state exhibits spin-charge separation when a pi flux is introduced, a finding applicable to interacting systems. Researchers propose an experimental method to observe this phenomenon in quantum spin Hall systems.

More Related Videos

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Topological Materials

Background:

The quantum spin Hall (QSH) state is a topologically nontrivial phase of matter.
This state is characterized by conducting edge states while the bulk remains insulating.
QSH states are protected by time-reversal symmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the consequences of introducing a pi flux to the quantum spin Hall state.
To demonstrate the phenomenon of spin-charge separation in this context.
To propose an experimental pathway for observing this effect.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of interacting systems in the presence of a pi flux.
Investigation of topological properties and symmetry protection.
Formulation of an experimental proposal for QSH systems.

Main Results:

The presence of a pi flux universally induces spin-charge separation in QSH states.
This effect is robust and applies to any interacting system exhibiting the QSH state.
A concrete experimental scheme is outlined for observation.

Conclusions:

Spin-charge separation is an inherent property of the quantum spin Hall state under specific conditions (pi flux).
The proposed experimental method provides a feasible route to verify this fundamental physics.
This work deepens the understanding of topological phases and their exotic phenomena.