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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

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Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
06:53

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Published on: February 1, 2017

Biased quasiballistic spin torque magnetization reversal.

S Serrano-Guisan1, K Rott, G Reiss

  • 1Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. santiago.serrano-guisan@ptb.de

Physical Review Letters
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We investigated the fastest possible magnetization reversal using spin torque. By precisely timing current pulses to the magnetization

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Spin torque is a key phenomenon for magnetic memory technologies.
  • Understanding the ultrafast dynamics of magnetization reversal is crucial for high-speed devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the fundamental limits of spin torque-driven magnetization reversal speed.
  • To achieve coherent control over magnetization orientation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized time-resolved magnetotransport measurements.
  • Analyzed spin torque precession during current pulses and free magnetization ringing.
  • Employed a hard axis bias field to optimize reversal.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated coherent control of magnetization orientation by adapting pulse duration to precession period.
  • Achieved optimal quasiballistic spin torque magnetization reversal.
  • Showcased direct reversal from initial to reversed state in a single precessional turn.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrafast magnetization reversal is achievable within a single precessional turn.
  • Precise control of spin torque pulse duration is key to efficient and rapid magnetization switching.