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Depression in multiple sclerosis: review and theoretical proposal.

Peter A Arnett¹, Fiona H Barwick, Joe E Beeney

¹Psychology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-3105, USA. paa6@psu.edu

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS

|September 4, 2008

Summary

Depression is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study presents a new theoretical model suggesting that social support, coping, self-perception, and stress may explain why MS symptoms affect depression inconsistently.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Depression is highly prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS), impacting quality of life and disease progression.
Despite extensive research, theoretical models explaining depression in MS are scarce.
Existing empirical studies show inconsistent relationships between MS symptoms and depression.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a comprehensive theoretical model integrating existing work on depression in MS.
To propose testable hypotheses for future research on depression in MS.
To identify key moderating factors influencing the relationship between MS and depression.

Main Methods:

Development of a theoretical model based on a review of existing literature.
Integration of disease-related changes, common MS sequelae, and potential moderating variables.
Formulation of testable hypotheses derived from the proposed model.

Main Results:

The model posits that depression risk begins with MS onset.
Direct effects of MS-related changes (lesion burden, atrophy, immunological anomalies) explain limited variance in depression.
Common MS sequelae (fatigue, disability, cognitive dysfunction, pain) have inconsistent relationships with depression.

Conclusions:

The proposed model highlights the moderating roles of social support, coping strategies, self-conceptions, and stress.
These moderating variables may explain inconsistencies in the literature regarding MS sequelae and depression.
The model provides a framework for future research to better understand and manage depression in individuals with MS.