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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

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Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
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Human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis.

Benjamin E Gewurz1, Francisco M Marty, Lindsey R Baden

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) causes lifelong infections, including in the central nervous system (CNS). Reactivation of HHV-6 is linked to limbic encephalitis in transplant patients, presenting with memory loss and seizures.

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Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK

Published on: December 18, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neurovirology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a common childhood virus establishing lifelong infection.
  • HHV-6 resides in the central nervous system (CNS) and can infect various CNS cell types.
  • HHV-6 is implicated in CNS diseases during primary infection (e.g., febrile seizures) and later life, especially in transplant recipients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between HHV-6 reactivation and limbic encephalitis post-hematopoietic cell transplant.
  • To identify key clinical and diagnostic features of HHV-6-associated limbic encephalitis.
  • To explore potential roles of HHV-6 in other neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Case reports and clinical data analysis of transplant patients with suspected HHV-6 encephalitis.
  • Detection of HHV-6 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs).
  • Review of neuroimaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) findings.

Main Results:

  • HHV-6 reactivation is linked to a distinct limbic encephalitis syndrome post-hematopoietic cell transplant.
  • Cardinal features include memory loss, insomnia, temporal lobe seizures, mesial temporal lobe MRI abnormalities, and SIADH.
  • Detection of HHV-6 DNA in CSF and blood aids in screening high-risk patients.

Conclusions:

  • HHV-6 reactivation is a significant cause of limbic encephalitis in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
  • Early detection of HHV-6 DNA in bodily fluids can facilitate timely diagnosis and management.
  • Further research is needed to clarify HHV-6's role in neurological diseases in immunocompetent individuals.