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Related Concept Videos

Aquaporins01:25

Aquaporins

Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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Published on: August 16, 2016

Macroscopically ordered water in nanopores.

Jürgen Köfinger1, Gerhard Hummer, Christoph Dellago

  • 1Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

One-dimensional water chains in nanotubes remain dipole-ordered up to macroscopic scales. This collective orientation is key for potential applications in proton transport, like in fuel cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Water confined in nanostructures like carbon nanotubes forms ordered molecular wires.
  • Understanding the thermodynamic stability and dipolar orientation of these 1D water chains is crucial for their applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the thermodynamic stability and dipolar orientation of 1D water chains.
  • To develop a computationally efficient model for studying confined water systems.
  • To investigate the behavior of water chains from nanoscopic to macroscopic dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of a dipole lattice model with effective Coulombic charges.
  • Comparison of the dipole model with atomically detailed simulations.
  • Study of water chains in pores of macroscopic lengths in equilibrium with a water bath or vapor.

Main Results:

  • The dipole lattice model accurately predicts properties of 1D confined water.
  • Water chains remain continuous up to macroscopic dimensions (0.1 mm) under ambient conditions.
  • A 1D Ising-like filling/emptying transition occurs at reduced vapor pressure.
  • Dipolar order persists for up to 0.1 seconds in filled water chains.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoconfined 1D water chains exhibit stable dipolar order over macroscopic lengths.
  • This ordered state is a prerequisite for using confined water in long-range proton transport systems, such as fuel cells.
  • Anti-ferroelectric behavior is predicted for water-filled nanotube bundles and membranes.