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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Recognizing concomitant lupus enteritis and lupus cystitis.

Roger Kornu¹, Qian Z Oliver, Andreas M Reimold

¹Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology : Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases

|September 4, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause severe gastrointestinal and urinary tract inflammation, known as lupus enteritis and lupus cystitis. Early recognition and treatment with corticosteroids are crucial for managing these potentially life-threatening conditions in SLE patients.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Gastroenterology
Nephrology

Background:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations.
Gastrointestinal and genitourinary involvement can occur but simultaneous severe presentations are less common.

Observation:

A 38-year-old female with a 21-year history of SLE presented with acute abdominal pain, decreased urinary output, fever, nausea, and diarrhea.
Computed tomography revealed severe bowel wall edema (lupus enteritis) and thickened bladder wall with hydroureter/hydronephrosis (lupus cystitis).
Serologic tests confirmed an SLE flare with acute renal insufficiency.

Findings:

The patient was diagnosed with simultaneous severe lupus enteritis and lupus cystitis.
Intravenous corticosteroid treatment resulted in rapid symptom resolution and improved renal function.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering lupus enteritis in SLE patients with abdominal pain.
Simultaneous lupus cystitis should be suspected when lupus enteritis is diagnosed, given the potential for severe complications.
Prompt diagnosis and management are vital to prevent life-threatening complications like bowel infarction or rupture.