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Related Concept Videos

The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Trilateral retinoblastoma with pituitary-hypothalamic dysfunction.

Shuan Dai1, Helen Dimaras, Elise Héon

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology/Visual Science, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Ophthalmic Genetics
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trilateral retinoblastoma, a rare cancer, can spread through brain biopsies. Early recognition of its signs may help avoid biopsies and prevent tumor dissemination, improving patient outcomes.

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Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice
07:55

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice

Published on: August 4, 2011

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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice
07:55

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice

Published on: August 4, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Trilateral retinoblastoma involves retinal tumors and brain tumors (pineal or parasellar).
  • This case presents a 4-month-old infant with suprasellar and bilateral retinal tumors, pituitary dysfunction, hypothalamic overgrowth, and blindness.

Observation:

  • Diagnosis of trilateral retinoblastoma was confirmed via biopsy of the suprasellar tumor.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metastasis was detected post-biopsy.
  • Tumor recurrence occurred along the Ommaya reservoir catheter post-chemotherapy and stem cell rescue.

Findings:

  • Initial treatment with chemotherapy and stem cell rescue led to resolution of blindness and pituitary dysfunction.
  • Salvage therapy included resection, radiation, and further chemotherapy.
  • Despite extensive treatment, the patient succumbed to the disease 32 months after diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Needle biopsy of suprasellar tumors may risk tumor dissemination.
  • Characteristic clinicoradiological features of trilateral retinoblastoma could obviate the need for biopsy.
  • Screening for retinoblastoma in children with pineal or suprasellar tumors is recommended to avoid potentially harmful biopsies.