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Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes
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Reconciliation, consolation and postconflict behavioral specificity in chimpanzees.

Orlaith N Fraser1, Filippo Aureli

  • 1Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological & Earth Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. o.fraser@ljmu.ac.uk

American Journal of Primatology
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Chimpanzees engage in reconciliation and consolation after conflicts. Consolation often substitutes for reconciliation, indicating specific post-conflict social strategies in chimpanzee groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate Behavior
  • Ethology
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Aggressive conflicts are common in group-living animals.
  • Peaceful post-conflict interactions can mitigate the costs of aggression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate post-conflict behavior in chimpanzees.
  • To examine the occurrence and relationship between reconciliation and consolation.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of 22 adult chimpanzees at Chester Zoo.
  • Documenting instances of reconciliation and consolation post-aggression.

Main Results:

  • Both reconciliation (reunion of opponents) and consolation (third-party comfort) were observed.
  • Consolation was more frequent without reconciliation, and vice versa, suggesting a substitute function.
  • Behavioral specificity in reconciliation and consolation was evident.

Conclusions:

  • Chimpanzees exhibit explicit post-conflict behavioral styles.
  • Consolation may serve as a substitute for reconciliation when direct reconciliation is not achieved.
  • Findings highlight sophisticated social conflict resolution in chimpanzees.