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Related Concept Videos

International Nursing Organizations II01:28

International Nursing Organizations II

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
National Nursing Organizations I01:26

National Nursing Organizations I

Nursing organizations assume a significant role in consistently developing the nursing profession through education, research studies, establishing practice standards, and reforming health policies. Typically, nursing organizations operate at the regional, national, and international levels. For example, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) represents more than 28 million nurses worldwide. In contrast, the American Nurses Association (ANA) is a membership organization representing nurses...
International Nursing Organizations I01:23

International Nursing Organizations I

International Nursing Organization (ICN) is a global union of national nurses' organizations. Individual nurses can be a part of ICN through member organizations. Each member organization strives to ensure quality nursing care, sound health policies, the advancement of nursing knowledge, respect for the profession, and a satisfied and competent nursing workforce.
ICN member organizations work to advance the field of nursing and healthcare via policies, partnerships, lobbying, professional...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
05:04

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

Published on: September 22, 2023

Who supports breastfeeding?

Jacqueline Clifford, Ellen McIntyre

    Breastfeeding Review : Professional Publication of the Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia
    |September 5, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Successful breastfeeding support requires positive involvement from family, friends, and healthcare professionals. Enhancing training and accessibility of support networks are crucial for mothers and babies.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Maternal and Child Health
    • Sociology of Health

    Background:

    • The consensus among major health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and Australia's NHMRC is that breastfeeding is optimal for infant nutrition.
    • Understanding the support systems available to breastfeeding mothers is essential for improving breastfeeding rates and duration.
    • Existing research highlights the multifaceted nature of breastfeeding support, involving various social and professional networks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify key individuals and groups who support women in achieving successful breastfeeding outcomes.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of different support mechanisms within the current societal context.
    • To pinpoint areas for improvement in the provision of breastfeeding support.

    Main Methods:

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    • A comprehensive literature review synthesizing findings from both quantitative and qualitative research studies.
    • Analysis of factors influencing the effectiveness of support provided by family, friends, health professionals, peer counselors, employers, and the community.
    • Identification of barriers and facilitators to successful breastfeeding support.

    Main Results:

    • Fathers, family, and friends significantly impact breastfeeding success when they are knowledgeable and supportive.
    • Health professionals' effectiveness is contingent on positive attitudes, adequate knowledge, and practical skills, often lacking in current training.
    • Peer support groups and counselors are effective but require better accessibility for women.
    • Employers and the community, while aware of benefits, offer limited practical support.

    Conclusions:

    • Improving breastfeeding support necessitates increased awareness and skills among family and friends.
    • Enhanced training for health professionals in breastfeeding support is critical.
    • Greater accessibility to peer counselors and support groups is needed.
    • Creating a more breastfeeding-friendly environment through employer and community initiatives is essential for public health.