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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature
05:33

Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature

Published on: June 19, 2019

Environmental support: an integrative framework.

Daniel G Morrow1, Wendy A Rogers

  • 1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science & Technology,Urbana, IL 61801, USA. dgm@uiuc.edu

Human Factors
|September 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental support (ES) can aid cognitive aging by reducing task demands. This review refines the ES concept, showing how task and user characteristics influence its effectiveness for older adults.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature
05:33

Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature

Published on: June 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Human Factors
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The environmental support (ES) hypothesis explains how external aids impact age-related memory differences.
  • ES encompasses diverse manipulations and measures, aiming to reduce reliance on self-initiated processing.
  • Previous research indicates ES can decrease, equalize, or increase age-related performance differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an integrative framework for environmental support (ES) in human factors and cognitive aging.
  • To clarify how different types of ES function and impact performance.
  • To identify conditions influencing the effectiveness of ES across different user groups.

Main Methods:

  • A qualitative review approach was employed.
  • An integrative framework was developed to categorize ES types and functions.
  • The framework was applied to studies in language comprehension and human-computer interaction.

Main Results:

  • Outcomes of ES were found to depend on the specific ES, task characteristics, and individual differences.
  • ES that required minimal user prerequisites and supported specific cognitive processes were most effective in reducing age-related performance gaps.
  • The framework successfully explained differing outcomes of ES in the reviewed domains.

Conclusions:

  • This review refines the concept of environmental support by detailing conditions that reduce or amplify age-related performance differences.
  • The proposed framework offers practical guidance for human factors practitioners designing environments and tasks for older adults.
  • Understanding the interplay between ES, task, and person is crucial for optimizing performance in aging populations.