Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026

15:33
Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
Published on: August 13, 2013
RAGE ligation affects T cell activation and controls T cell differentiation.
Yali Chen1, Eitan M Akirav, Wei Chen
1Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|September 5, 2008
Summary
The pattern recognition receptor, RAGE, plays a key role in T cell differentiation. Inhibiting RAGE or deleting it reduces T cell responses in autoimmunity and allograft rejection, impacting Th1 cell development.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Autoimmunity
Background:
- The pattern recognition receptor, RAGE, is implicated in adaptive immunity.
- Its specific role in T cell-mediated responses remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of RAGE inhibition and deletion on T cell responses in autoimmunity and allograft rejection.
- To elucidate the role of RAGE in T cell differentiation, particularly Th1 cell development.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a small molecule RAGE inhibitor (TTP488) and RAGE knockout (RAGE-/-) mice.
- Assessed T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) and via anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation.
- Analyzed cytokine production (IL-10, IL-5, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) and RAGE mRNA expression.
Main Results:
- TTP488 treatment and RAGE deficiency reduced islet allograft rejection in mice.
- RAGE-/- T cells exhibited diminished proliferative responses to costimulation and altered cytokine profiles.
- RAGE mRNA expression was elevated in Th1-differentiating T cells.
Conclusions:
- RAGE activation on T cells is crucial for early events in Th1 cell differentiation.
- Targeting RAGE may offer therapeutic strategies for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.
Related Concept Videos
T Cell Types and Functions
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho
Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
