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Related Concept Videos

Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

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Centrin4 coordinates cell and nuclear division in T. brucei.

Jie Shi1, Joseph B Franklin, Jordan T Yelinek

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543.

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TbCentrin4 in Trypanosoma brucei coordinates nuclear and cell division, preventing the formation of nucleus-lacking daughter cells called zoids. This protein is crucial for proper cell division.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Parasitology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Centrins are Ca(2+)-binding proteins involved in diverse cellular processes.
  • TbCentrin2 and TbCentrin4 are found in Trypanosoma brucei, with roles in organelle duplication and segregation.
  • TbCentrin4 was previously implicated in organelle segregation and cytokinesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise role of TbCentrin4 in cell division in Trypanosoma brucei.
  • To determine the consequences of TbCentrin4 dysfunction on nuclear and cell division coordination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of TbCentrin4 function in Trypanosoma brucei.
  • Microscopic observation of cell division and organelle segregation.
  • Characterization of daughter cell phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Cytokinesis is not inhibited in the absence of normal TbCentrin4 function.
  • A dysregulation between nuclear division (karyokinesis) and cell division (cytokinesis) occurs.
  • This leads to the production of 'zoids' - daughter cells lacking a nucleus but possessing other organelles.

Conclusions:

  • TbCentrin4 plays a critical role in coordinating karyokinesis and cytokinesis.
  • Dysfunction of TbCentrin4 disrupts the precise timing and execution of cell division.
  • The study reveals a novel mechanism of cell division failure leading to anucleated daughter cells.