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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
05:06

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Diabetic polyneuropathy: an update.

Douglas W Zochodne1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. dzochodn@ucalgary.ca

Current Opinion in Neurology
|September 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic polyneuropathy, a growing complication of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, involves new pathogenic mechanisms. Research is exploring novel therapeutic targets for this condition and its associated neuropathic pain.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
05:06

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes, with increasing prevalence linked to type 2 diabetes.
  • DPN is also observed in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, not just overt diabetes.
  • Understanding the evolving pathogenesis of DPN is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current challenges in diagnosing and treating diabetic polyneuropathy.
  • To explore emerging pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for DPN.
  • To discuss advancements in managing neuropathic pain associated with DPN.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on diabetic polyneuropathy.
  • Analysis of evolving concepts in DPN pathogenesis.
  • Examination of current and novel treatment strategies for neuropathic pain.

Main Results:

  • DPN prevalence is rising globally with type 2 diabetes and also affects individuals with pre-diabetes.
  • New pathogenic mechanisms include insulin signaling, C-peptide activity, advanced glycation endproducts, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation.
  • Abnormal sodium and calcium channel signaling are key targets for neuropathic pain management.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetic polyneuropathy is increasingly viewed as a distinct neurodegenerative disorder.
  • New clinical trials targeting DPN pathogenesis are needed due to disappointing recent outcomes.
  • Several therapeutic options for neuropathic pain are currently available.