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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
Published on: February 16, 2011
How Well Do Your Provider's Practices Match the Evidence?
1BARBARA HOTELLING is an independent childbirth educator and doula in Rochester Hills, Michigan. She has served as president of Lamaze International, president of DONA International, and chair of the Coalition for Improving Maternity Services.
Abstract:
The handout presented in this article can be used by expectant parents to compare the evidence-based, expected occurrence of routine interventions with the usual care given by their chosen provider and place of birth. The known occurrence of these routine interventions is derived from Listening to Mothers II: Report of the Second National U.S. Survey of Women's Childbearing Experiences. The evidence of harm or benefit is derived from both the Cochrane Collaboration and the Coalition for Improving Maternity Services.
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