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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

Diagnostic approach to reflux in 2007.

Sumit Dave1, Antoine E Khoury

  • 1Division of Urology, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5W9.

Advances in Urology
|September 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) diagnosis after urinary tract infections (UTI) in children remains controversial. This review examines VUR diagnostic methods, including newer imaging techniques and the role of DMSA scans in management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Urology

Background:

  • The association between vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), and renal scarring is debated.
  • Despite controversy, workup for VUR is common after febrile UTI in pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current indications for VUR diagnosis.
  • To discuss various imaging modalities for VUR detection.
  • To highlight the utility of DMSA scans in managing pediatric VUR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of VUR diagnostic techniques.
  • Discussion of established and emerging imaging modalities.
  • Emphasis on DMSA scan evidence in VUR management.

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Main Results:

  • Established indications for VUR workup persist despite ongoing debate.
  • Conventional imaging (e.g., MCU) and newer techniques (MRU, VUS) are available for VUR diagnosis.
  • Growing evidence supports DMSA scan utility in VUR patient management.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of VUR diagnostic imaging requires careful consideration of clinical context.
  • Emerging techniques offer alternatives to traditional methods.
  • DMSA scintigraphy plays an increasingly important role in the management of children with VUR.