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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
08:15

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Published on: February 17, 2023

Joint congruency as an indication for rotational acetabular osteotomy.

Kunihiko Okano1, Hiroshi Enomoto, Makoto Osaki

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan. kuni@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|September 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) may benefit advanced hip osteoarthritis if preoperative joint congruency in abduction is good. This finding is crucial for selecting appropriate candidates for RAO, even in late-stage disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Hip Preservation Surgery

Background:

  • Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for advanced hip osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia yields variable results.
  • Identifying reliable preoperative indicators is essential to optimize patient selection for PAO and avoid suboptimal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term efficacy of rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) in advanced hip osteoarthritis.
  • To determine if preoperative joint congruency in abduction predicts outcomes after RAO for advanced hip osteoarthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 47 patients (49 hips) with advanced hip osteoarthritis who underwent RAO.
  • Assessment of preoperative joint congruency in abduction and long-term postoperative outcomes (minimum 8 years).
  • Level IV therapeutic study.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 12 hips improved, 24 were unchanged, and 13 progressed in osteoarthritic stage.
  • Preoperative joint congruency in abduction was categorized as good (13 hips), poor (32 hips), or narrowed (4 hips).
  • Patients with good preoperative joint congruency in abduction demonstrated better long-term results.

Conclusions:

  • Good preoperative joint congruency in abduction is a favorable indicator for RAO in advanced hip osteoarthritis.
  • RAO may be a viable option for select patients with advanced hip osteoarthritis, provided good preoperative joint congruency.
  • Preoperative assessment of joint congruency in abduction is critical for patient selection in advanced hip osteoarthritis.