Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Using Chicken Embryo as a Powerful Tool in Assessment of Developmental Cardiotoxicities
Published on: March 21, 2021
Effects of continuous feeding of toxaphene to white leghorn layers
R K Page1, O J Fletcher, S Vezey
1Poultry Disease Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Abstract:
Graded levels of toxaphene 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50 and 100 ppm were added to the diets of female white leghorn chicks from one day of age. Each treatment consisted of 90 randomly selected birds divided into three replicates of 30 birds each. Birds fed the 5, 50, and 100 ppm level of toxaphene exhibited osteomalacia manifested by sternal deformities and extremely friable ribs. A decrease in egg shell strength was found in chickens eating feed containing 5 ppm level of toxaphene. Toxaphene did not significantly alter egg production, hatchability or fertility in this trial.
Related Concept Videos
Toxicity Testing in Animals
Types of Toxins
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Toxic Reactions: Overview
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxoplasmosis

