Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

In-vitro Mutagenesis

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

Gene Therapy

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be inserted. The...

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Synthetic Surrogates of Collagen-Rich Microenvironments: Integrating Modular Bioactive Fibrillar Structure and Tunable Viscoelasticity via Multifunctional Assembling Peptides.

ACS central science·2026

Same author

Structure of the Disulfide-rich Modules of a Striking Tandem Repeat Protein, Avian Cysteine-Rich Eggshell Membrane Protein.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Targeting Borrelia burgdorferi HtpG with a berserker molecule, a strategy for anti-microbial development.

Cell chemical biology·2023

Same author

Limiting Mrs2-dependent mitochondrial Mg<sup>2+</sup> uptake induces metabolic programming in prolonged dietary stress.

Cell reports·2023

Same author

Evidence for reduced plasmodesmata callose accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with increased symplastic cell-to-cell communication caused by RNA processing defects of chloroplasts.

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB·2022

Same author

Intersection To Overpass: Instance Segmentation On Filamentous Structures With An Orientation-Aware Neural Network And Terminus Pairing Algorithm.

Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Workshops·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

DNA Vector-based RNA Interference to Study Gene Function in Cancer

DNA Vector-based RNA Interference to Study Gene Function in Cancer

Published on: June 4, 2012

Using viral vectors to silence endogenous genes.

Jeffrey Caplan¹, S P Dinesh-Kumar¹

¹Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Current Protocols in Microbiology

|September 5, 2008

Summary

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers a rapid way to reduce gene expression in plants. This method uses viral vectors to trigger a natural plant defense, effectively silencing target genes in species like N. benthamiana and tomato.

Area of Science:

Plant Molecular Biology
Virology
Genetics

Background:

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a transient gene knockdown technique in plants.
Plants possess post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) as a defense against viral replication.
VIGS leverages PTGS by using viral vectors carrying plant genes.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail established methods for VIGS in plants.
To provide protocols for introducing TRV-based VIGS vectors into N. benthamiana.
To offer optimized VIGS protocols for tomato plants.

Main Methods:

TRV-based VIGS vector construction.
Introduction of TRV vectors into N. benthamiana via syringe infiltration or Agrobacterium drench.
Application of spray inoculation and vacuum infiltration for VIGS in tomato.

More Related Videos

Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts

Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts

Published on: December 17, 2016

Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection

Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection

Published on: May 23, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

DNA Vector-based RNA Interference to Study Gene Function in Cancer

DNA Vector-based RNA Interference to Study Gene Function in Cancer

Published on: June 4, 2012

Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts

Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts

Published on: December 17, 2016

Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection

Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection

Published on: May 23, 2016

Main Results:

Successful VIGS induction in N. benthamiana using TRV vectors.
Demonstrated efficacy of syringe infiltration and Agrobacterium drench methods.
Optimized protocols for VIGS in tomato plants established.

Conclusions:

TRV-based VIGS is an effective tool for transient gene silencing in plants.
Established and novel methods facilitate VIGS in key plant models.
VIGS protocols are adaptable for research in diverse plant species.