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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity
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Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

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Intracellular cytokines.

George F Babcock1

  • 1University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Shriners Burns Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Current Protocols in Cytometry
|September 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a technique for detecting cytokines like interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) produced by T cells. It also identifies the specific T cells, such as CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, responsible for their production.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • T cells play a crucial role in adaptive immunity.
  • Cytokine production by T cells is essential for immune responses.
  • Distinguishing between T helper (T(H)) and T cytotoxic (T(C)) cell subsets is vital for understanding immune function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a technique for detecting T cell-derived cytokines.
  • To enable phenotypic identification of cytokine-producing T cells.
  • To provide a method for analyzing immune responses and cell activation states.

Main Methods:

  • Detection of specific cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4).
  • Phenotypic identification of cytokine-producing cells, such as CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells.
  • Methods for T cell stimulation with allogeneic cells and controls for labeling specificity.

Main Results:

  • The technique allows for the detection of cytokines produced by T cells.
  • Specific T cell subsets (e.g., T(H)1, T(H)2, T(C)1, T(C)2) can be identified based on their cytokine production.
  • The method is applicable to examining cellular responses to agonists and immune function in disease.

Conclusions:

  • The described technique is valuable for studying T cell-mediated immunity.
  • It facilitates the characterization of immune responses by identifying cytokine profiles and cell types.
  • Careful evaluation is recommended for each specific cytokine and cell type investigated.