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Mitochondrial Membranes

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

Mitochondrial Membranes

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...

Resting Membrane Potential

Resting Membrane Potential

The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...

Resting Membrane Potential

Resting Membrane Potential

The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
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The Resting Membrane Potential

The Resting Membrane Potential

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay for Measuring Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Cardiac Myocytes After Hypoxia/Reoxygenation

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay for Measuring Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Cardiac Myocytes After Hypoxia/Reoxygenation

Published on: July 13, 2018

Polychromatic analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1.

Enrico Lugli¹, Leonarda Troiano, Andrea Cossarizza

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, General Pathology Section, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Current Protocols in Cytometry

|September 5, 2008

Summary

Mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) dissipation is key in cell death. Using specific probes like JC-1 in polychromatic flow cytometry improves accuracy for studying DeltaPsi(m) and other cell death markers.

More Related Videos

Multi-parameter Measurement of the Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Isolated Mouse Heart Mitochondria

Multi-parameter Measurement of the Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Isolated Mouse Heart Mitochondria

Published on: September 7, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay for Measuring Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Cardiac Myocytes After Hypoxia/Reoxygenation

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay for Measuring Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Cardiac Myocytes After Hypoxia/Reoxygenation

Published on: July 13, 2018

Multi-parameter Measurement of the Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Isolated Mouse Heart Mitochondria

Multi-parameter Measurement of the Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Isolated Mouse Heart Mitochondria

Published on: September 7, 2012

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biochemistry
Apoptosis Research

Background:

Dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) is a hallmark of apoptosis.
The timing of DeltaPsi(m) dissipation varies, occurring early or late in cell death pathways.
Previous studies reported conflicting data due to the use of inappropriate probes like rhodamine 123 (R123) or DiOC(6)(3).

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of accurate DeltaPsi(m) measurement in apoptosis research.
To introduce JC-1 as the gold standard probe for DeltaPsi(m) assessment.
To demonstrate the utility of polychromatic flow cytometry for simultaneous DeltaPsi(m) and other marker detection.

Main Methods:

Utilizing the JC-1 probe, a specific lipophilic cation for measuring DeltaPsi(m).
Employing advanced instruments and additional probes for cell surface and intracellular markers.
Performing polychromatic flow cytometric assays for simultaneous multi-parameter analysis.

Main Results:

JC-1 is identified as the gold standard for accurate DeltaPsi(m) measurement.
Polychromatic flow cytometry enables simultaneous detection of DeltaPsi(m) and other biological parameters.
Improved accuracy in studying DeltaPsi(m) dynamics during apoptosis.

Conclusions:

Accurate measurement of DeltaPsi(m) is crucial for understanding apoptosis.
JC-1 and polychromatic flow cytometry offer a robust approach for studying cell death.
This methodology enhances the reliability of DeltaPsi(m) research in cell death processes.