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Related Concept Videos

Conformations of Cycloalkanes02:29

Conformations of Cycloalkanes

Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that was based on the...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this staggered...
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
Cycloalkanes02:28

Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are saturated cyclic hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in the form of rings. They have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding acyclic alkane; therefore, their general formula is CnH2n. The structural formulas of cycloalkanes are simplified using the line-angle representation. The regular polygons are used to represent the cycloalkane rings, with each side representing a carbon-carbon bond.
The IUPAC nomenclature of cycloalkanes follows similar rules that apply to...

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Related Experiment Videos

Cycloartane triterpenoids from Astragalus bicuspis.

M Iqbal Choudhary1, Saleem Jan, Ahmed Abbaskhan

  • 1HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. hej@cyber.net.pk

Journal of Natural Products
|September 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Three new cycloartane glycosides were isolated from Astragalus bicuspis. These compounds, along with known derivatives, were evaluated for leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Astragalus bicuspis is a plant species known for its diverse phytochemical constituents.
  • Cycloartane glycosides represent a class of natural products with potential biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize novel cycloartane glycosides from Astragalus bicuspis.
  • To evaluate the leishmanicidal and cytotoxic potential of isolated compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of compounds using chromatographic techniques.
  • Structure elucidation of new compounds via spectroscopic data analysis (NMR, MS).
  • Biological evaluation of leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania major and cytotoxicity against 3T3 cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • Three new cycloartane glycosides (1-3) were identified and characterized.
  • Two known cycloartane derivatives (4-5) were also isolated.
  • Compounds 2-5 exhibited varying degrees of leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified new cycloartane glycosides from Astragalus bicuspis.
  • The isolated compounds show potential as leads for the development of anti-leishmanial and anti-cancer agents.