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Related Concept Videos

Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

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In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

CO2 decomposition over Pd membrane surfaces.

Hui Li1, Andreas Goldbach, Wenzhao Li

  • 1Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|September 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is not inert over palladium (Pd) membranes. CO 2 dissociation on Pd membranes occurs above 523 K, forming carbon deposits at higher temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Palladium (Pd) membranes are crucial for hydrogen separation.
  • Understanding gas interactions with Pd membranes is vital for optimizing performance.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a potential contaminant in hydrogen streams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the interaction of CO 2 with supported Pd membranes.
  • Determine the impact of CO 2 exposure on hydrogen (H 2 ) permeation.
  • Characterize the surface reactions and products of CO 2 on Pd.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrogen permeation measurements.
  • Temperature-programmed oxidation and desorption (TPOD).
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Main Results:

  • CO 2 exposure reduced H 2 flux at 473 K and 773 K.
  • CO 2 dissociation observed above 523 K.
  • Formation of adsorbed carbon monoxide (CO) below 623 K and carbon deposits above 723 K.

Conclusions:

  • CO 2 is reactive with Pd membranes within the 473–773 K range.
  • CO 2 can be kinetically stabilized on Pd surfaces around 673 K.
  • Surface carbon formation can impact membrane performance.