Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be calculated...
Characteristics of OpAmp01:17

Characteristics of OpAmp

The operational amplifier, commonly known as an op-amp, is a specially designed electronic circuit component. Its purpose is to work in conjunction with other circuit elements to execute a defined signal-processing operation. Consider an equivalent circuit model of an op-amp, as depicted in Figure 1; the output section comprises a voltage-controlled source in parallel with the output resistance Ro.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Realizing Shor's algorithm with topological acoustic phase bits.

Communications engineering·2026
Same author

SLM steering-based covert communication over strong atmospheric turbulence channels.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Quantum logic gate analogies in nonlinear acoustics.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025
Same author

Entanglement assisted free-space optical communication with two-pump-based entanglement generation outperforming classical laser communication in strong turbulence regime at 10 Gb/s.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Information encoding and encryption in acoustic analogues of qubits.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Entanglement-Based CV-QKD with Information Reconciliation over Entanglement-Assisted Link.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Alamouti-type polarization-time coding in coded-modulation schemes with coherent detection.

Ivan B Djordjevic1, Lei Xu, Ting Wang

  • 1University of Arizona, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ivan@ece.arizona.edu

Optics Express
|September 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new polarization-time (PT) coding scheme for multilevel modulation. This scheme doubles spectral efficiency and compensates for differential group delay in high-speed optical systems.

More Related Videos

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Optical communications
  • Digital signal processing

Background:

  • Multilevel modulation schemes are crucial for increasing data rates.
  • Polarization diversity techniques are used to combat fading in optical systems.
  • Differential group delay (DGD) poses a significant challenge in high-speed optical transmissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel Almouti-type polarization-time (PT) coding scheme.
  • To adapt the scheme for multilevel block-coded modulation with coherent detection.
  • To evaluate its performance in mitigating DGD and phase noise.

Main Methods:

  • The proposed PT-decoder is designed to be similar to the Alamouti combiner.
  • Methods for determining symbol log-likelihood ratios in the presence of laser phase noise are described.
  • Performance is evaluated through simulations and comparisons with existing schemes.

Main Results:

  • The PT scheme effectively compensates for 800 ps of DGD at 10 Gb/s with negligible penalty.
  • It outperforms the equal-gain combining polarization diversity OFDM scheme.
  • Performance is comparable to polarization diversity coded-OFDM and PT-coding based coded-OFDM schemes.

Conclusions:

  • The Almouti-type PT coding scheme offers a robust solution for high-speed optical communication systems.
  • It has the potential to double spectral efficiency compared to traditional polarization diversity schemes.
  • The scheme demonstrates significant DGD tolerance and effective phase noise compensation.