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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Pituitary autoimmunity: 30 years later.

Patrizio Caturegli1, Isabella Lupi, Melissa Landek-Salgado

  • 1Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. pcat@jhmi.edu

Autoimmunity Reviews
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Pituitary autoimmunity, including lymphocytic hypophysitis, presents as a sellar mass mimicking tumors. Research is advancing, but diagnostic autoantigens remain elusive.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Pituitary autoimmunity is a spectrum of conditions, including lymphocytic hypophysitis.
  • Hypophysitis presents as a sellar mass, often mimicking pituitary adenomas.
  • It is associated with pregnancy and immunotherapies like CTLA-4 blockade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in pituitary autoimmunity.
  • To discuss challenges in diagnosis and understanding of pituitary autoantigens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pituitary autoimmunity research.
  • Synthesis of findings on hypophysitis presentation and associations.

Main Results:

  • Despite progress, no pituitary autoantigens are currently useful for diagnosis.
  • Hypophysitis diagnosis remains challenging due to its mimicry of other sellar masses.

Conclusions:

  • Pituitary autoimmunity is an evolving field with ongoing research into autoantigens.
  • Further clarification is needed for diagnostic tools and understanding of the condition.