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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
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A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

Published on: November 7, 2025

Local-regional prostate cancer.

Marklyn J Jones1, Kenneth S Koeneman

  • 1Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Urologic Oncology
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Stratifying locally advanced prostate cancer risk involves combining digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels with other factors. Future advancements may include imaging and genetic testing for more precise patient risk assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC) definition evolved from clinical examination (DRE) to incorporating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening.
  • Current methods utilize DRE, PSA, Gleason score, and clinical staging for pretreatment risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current methods for stratifying locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC).
  • To discuss the role of emerging technologies in refining LAPC classification and risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and current clinical and biochemical parameters for prostate cancer staging.
  • Discussion of predictive models (tables, nomograms) and emerging diagnostic tools.

Main Results:

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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

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  • Combination of DRE, PSA, Gleason score, and clinical stage aids in estimating treatment failure risk.
  • Pretreatment PSA velocity (PSAV) and PSA doubling time (PSADT) are important prognostic indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate stratification of LAPC is crucial for predicting treatment outcomes.
  • Future research should focus on integrating advanced imaging (MRI) and molecular/genetic testing for improved patient stratification and personalized treatment strategies.