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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models
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Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

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Myxoid adrenal cortical neoplasms.

Kirtee Raparia1, Alberto G Ayala, Anna Sienko

  • 1Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Myxoid adrenal cortical neoplasms are rare, but this study details four cases, including benign and borderline tumors. These findings aid in classifying these unusual adrenal tumors and differentiating them from other retroperitoneal myxoid masses.

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Establishment of Zone-Enriched Primary Cultures from the Mouse Adrenal Cortex

Published on: May 8, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Myxoid adrenal cortical neoplasms are rare, with only 23 cases reported previously.
  • These neoplasms can present as adenomas or carcinomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of myxoid adrenal cortical neoplasms.
  • To contribute to the understanding and classification of these rare tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 4 myxoid adrenal cortical neoplasm cases.
  • Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluation.
  • Patient follow-up for recurrence and metastasis.

Main Results:

  • Four cases (3 benign, 1 borderline malignancy) were studied in patients aged 37-61.
  • Tumors showed variable encapsulation, hemorrhage, and 30-70% myxoid areas.
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for vimentin, synaptophysin, and inhibin; negativity for cytokeratin.
  • All patients remained disease-free during 14-20 months of follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Myxoid changes in adrenal cortical neoplasms are uncommon but occur in both benign and borderline lesions.
  • Clinical and histological features are crucial for classification.
  • Differential diagnosis should exclude other retroperitoneal myxoid tumors.