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Related Concept Videos

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
14:44

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

Published on: March 14, 2014

Highways for mRNA transport.

Robert H Singer1

  • 1Departments of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Cell Biology, and Neuroscience, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Cell
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microtubule polarity guides mRNA localization during development. These studies reveal how biased transport and specific microtubule subpopulations ensure correct mRNA distribution in fruit flies and frogs.

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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
14:44

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

Published on: March 14, 2014

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
13:34

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip

Published on: September 29, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Asymmetric mRNA localization is crucial for establishing cell polarity and developmental patterns.
  • Microtubules serve as tracks for intracellular transport, but their role in directed mRNA movement is complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microtubule polarity in the asymmetric localization of specific mRNAs.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying directed mRNA transport in oocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mRNA localization in genetically modified fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster).
  • Observation of microtubule dynamics and mRNA transport in frog (Xenopus laevis) oocytes.
  • Utilizing live imaging and genetic manipulation techniques.

Main Results:

  • A subtle directional bias in microtubule-based transport underlies the asymmetric localization of oskar mRNA in fruit fly oocytes.
  • A distinct subpopulation of microtubules is essential for the correct asymmetric distribution of Vg1 mRNA in frog oocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Microtubule polarity plays a critical role in ensuring the precise spatial and temporal localization of maternal mRNAs.
  • These findings provide insights into the fundamental mechanisms of cell polarity establishment during early development.