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Larynx

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...

Pharynx

Pharynx

The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...

The Hyoid Bone

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.

Trachea

Trachea

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of the...

Oral Cavity

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions

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Laryngeal cleft.

Stéphane M Pezzettigotta¹, Nicolas Leboulanger, Gilles Roger

¹Pediatric ENT, Head and Neck surgery Department, Armand-Trousseau Children's Hospital, University PARIS VI, Paris, France.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America

|September 9, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Laryngeal clefts are rare congenital anomalies causing airway and swallowing issues. Understanding their development from failed fusion of the cricoid lamina is key for diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Congenital Anomalies
Developmental Biology

Background:

Laryngeal clefts are rare congenital anomalies affecting 1 in 10,000-20,000 births.
They represent approximately 1.5% of pediatric laryngeal pathologies.
These anomalies result from incomplete fusion of the posterior cricoid lamina and tracheoesophageal septum.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the embryological basis of laryngeal clefts.
To enhance understanding of the developmental processes involved.

Main Methods:

Review of historical and recent scientific literature.
Analysis of embryological development of the larynx and trachea.

Main Results:

Laryngeal clefts arise from a specific failure in posterior cricoid lamina fusion.
This developmental error creates a communication pathway between the trachea and esophagus.
Recent research offers refined insights into this complex developmental anomaly.

Conclusions:

Laryngeal clefts are a significant congenital anomaly with a clear embryological origin.
Further understanding of development aids in recognizing and managing these conditions.