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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells
10:12

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 14, 2020

Neoplastic meningitis.

Marc C Chamberlain1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-1023, USA. chambemc@u.washington.edu

The Oncologist
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neoplastic meningitis (NM) is a common neuro-oncology issue. Comprehensive staging and treatment, including radiotherapy and intra-CSF chemotherapy, can stabilize patients and prevent further neurological decline.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells
10:12

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Oncology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Neoplastic meningitis (NM) affects approximately 5% of cancer patients.
  • NM is a widespread disease impacting the entire neuraxis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current staging and treatment strategies for neoplastic meningitis.
  • To highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to NM management.

Main Methods:

  • Central nervous system staging involves advanced imaging (MR-Gd, CT myelography) and CSF flow studies.
  • Treatment includes involved-field radiotherapy and intra-CSF drug therapy.
  • Systemic therapy may complement intra-CSF chemotherapy and reduce the need for it.

Main Results:

  • Intra-CSF chemotherapy utilizes methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and thio-TEPA via intralumbar or intraventricular delivery.
  • Radiotherapy targets bulky or symptomatic disease sites.
  • Concomitant systemic therapy shows potential benefits.

Conclusions:

  • NM treatment is palliative, aiming for stabilization and prevention of neurological deterioration.
  • Median patient survival is typically 2 to 6 months.
  • Integrated treatment approaches are crucial for managing NM.