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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
07:20

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Ordered bulk degradation via autophagy.

Jörn Dengjel1, Anders Riis Kristensen, Jens S Andersen

  • 1Center of Experimental BioInformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. dengjel@bmb.sdu.dk

Autophagy
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells utilize macroautophagy, a process previously thought to be unspecific, to degrade proteins during starvation. New research reveals this degradation is ordered and regulated at the organelle level, suggesting specificity in cellular cleanup.

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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay &#8212; A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 27, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay &#8212; A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
09:34

The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Proteomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Macroautophagy is a cellular degradation process often considered unspecific.
  • Organelle-specific autophagy pathways like mitophagy and ribophagy have been identified.
  • The precise role and specificity of macroautophagy during starvation remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global protein dynamics during amino acid starvation-induced autophagy using quantitative proteomics.
  • To explore the specificity and regulation of macroautophagy.
  • To understand the interplay between proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative proteomics using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC).
  • Analysis of global protein dynamics under conditions of amino acid starvation.
  • Assessment of proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy-mediated degradation during starvation is not a non-specific bulk process.
  • Degradation appears to be ordered and regulated at the protein complex and organelle levels.
  • Significant cross-talk exists between proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Macroautophagy may exhibit specificity in substrate selection during starvation.
  • Cellular degradation pathways are highly coordinated.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms and roles of macroautophagy in cellular homeostasis during starvation.