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Related Experiment Videos

Efficacy of Cushing response during development in sheep.

J E Backofen1, R C Koehler, A P Harris

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.

The American Journal of Physiology
|August 11, 1991
PubMed
Summary

The fetal sheep

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • The Cushing response, an increase in mean aortic pressure (MAP) due to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), is critical for maintaining cerebral perfusion.
  • Understanding developmental differences in this response is crucial for perinatal and neonatal care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the Cushing response in near-term fetal sheep, 1-week-old lambs, and adult sheep.
  • To elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying MAP regulation during elevated ICP across different developmental stages.

Main Methods:

  • Intracranial pressure (ICP) was elevated using mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion into the lateral cerebral ventricles.
  • Mean aortic pressure (MAP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen uptake (CMRO2), and peripheral resistance were measured in fetal, lamb, and adult sheep under anesthesia.

Main Results:

  • Near-term fetal sheep exhibited a well-developed Cushing response, with MAP increasing and cerebral blood flow largely restored, while cerebral oxygen uptake was maintained.
  • In contrast, lambs and adult sheep showed significant decreases in cerebral blood flow and oxygen uptake despite MAP increases.
  • Mechanisms varied, with adults showing decreased peripheral resistance, while fetuses and lambs maintained constant resistance, and fetuses displayed vasoconstriction in intestinal and skin vasculature.

Conclusions:

  • The Cushing response is effective in near-term fetal sheep, preserving cerebral oxygenation during elevated ICP.
  • Postnatal development may lead to a diminished capacity of the Cushing response to meet the brain's metabolic demands, potentially compromising cerebral perfusion after birth.

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