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Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

What is the Endocrine System?

What is the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.

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Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

Cellular therapies in endocrine diseases.

C Papewalis¹, B Jacobs, M Wuttke

¹Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Rheumatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. claudia.papewalis@uni-duesseldorf.de

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [And] German Diabetes Association

|October 23, 2008

Summary

Advances in cellular therapy offer new hope for treating endocrine cancers and re-establishing immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases. Research explores novel immune mechanisms and stem cell applications for future treatments.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Endocrinology
Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

Limited curative therapies exist for many malignant and autoimmune diseases.
Significant progress in understanding immunity and immune tolerance over the past two decades.
Identification of immune mechanisms that break tolerance and induce cytotoxic immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current advances in cellular therapy for endocrine cancers.
To discuss strategies for re-inducing immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases.
To present new insights into stem cell research for autoimmune disorders and outline future perspectives.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on cellular therapy, immunology, and stem cell research.
Synthesis of findings related to immune mechanisms in cancer and autoimmunity.
Exploration of emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

Progress in identifying immune mechanisms underlying disease states.
Development of cellular therapies for endocrine cancers.
Advancements in understanding and re-inducing immune tolerance for autoimmune conditions.
Emerging role of stem cell research in autoimmune disease treatment.

Conclusions:

Cellular therapies show promise for endocrine cancers.
Re-inducing immune tolerance is a key strategy for autoimmune diseases.
Stem cell research offers new avenues for treating autoimmune disorders.
Continued research is crucial for future therapeutic advancements.