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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
08:25

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Published on: October 19, 2014

Natural selective attention: orienting and emotion.

Margaret M Bradley1

  • 1Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. bradley@ufl.edu

Psychophysiology
|September 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orienting and attention arise from motivational systems crucial for survival. These systems trigger processes like significance detection and action preparation, influencing how we respond to novel or significant stimuli.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology

Background:

  • Orienting and attention are fundamental cognitive functions.
  • These functions are hypothesized to originate from evolved motivational systems (defensive and appetitive) essential for individual survival.
  • Motivational activation drives perceptual and motor processes for adaptive behavior selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neurophysiological underpinnings of orienting and attention.
  • To investigate the role of motivational systems in initiating perceptual and motor processes.
  • To examine how stimulus novelty and significance affect orienting response habituation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to index significance detection (late centro-parietal positivity).
  • Measured cardiac deceleration to assess enhanced perceptual processing.
  • Employed electrodermal activity (EDA) to monitor preparation for action.
  • Analyzed habituation rates of different orienting response components.

Main Results:

  • Motivational activation leads to specific physiological responses: significance detection (ERP), perceptual enhancement (cardiac deceleration), and action preparation (EDA).
  • Data indicate differential habituation rates for various components of the orienting response.
  • Stimulus novelty and significance play a role in modulating these responses.

Conclusions:

  • Orienting and attention are fundamentally mediated by the activation of basic motivational systems.
  • These motivational systems evolved to support survival by guiding behavior.
  • The findings support a survival-based evolutionary framework for understanding orienting and attention.