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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

An Olfactory Preference Test for Measuring Olfactory Hedonic Biases in Mouse Models of Depression
06:27

An Olfactory Preference Test for Measuring Olfactory Hedonic Biases in Mouse Models of Depression

Published on: July 11, 2025

Depressive symptoms and olfactory function in older adults.

Anna Scinska1, Elzbieta Wrobel, Agnieszka Korkosz

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Warsaw Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland. scinska@ipin.edu.pl

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|September 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Depressive symptoms in older adults are not linked to olfactory deficits. This study found no correlation between depression scores and smell or taste test results in non-demented individuals.

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An Olfactory Preference Test for Measuring Olfactory Hedonic Biases in Mouse Models of Depression
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Published on: July 30, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Neuroimaging suggests overlap in brain regions regulating olfaction and mood.
  • Understanding the relationship between mood and sensory function in aging is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate correlations between depressive symptoms and olfactory function in older adults.
  • To assess if olfactory deficits are associated with depression in non-clinical aging populations.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed depressive symptomatology using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).
  • Measured olfactory function with the Sniffin' Sticks test.
  • Evaluated taste detection thresholds using electrogustometry.

Main Results:

  • No significant correlation was found between GDS scores and olfactory thresholds or identification.
  • Depressive symptoms showed no relationship with electrogustometric taste thresholds.
  • Groups classified as 'depressed' (GDS ≥ 5) and 'non-depressed' did not differ in olfactory or taste measures.

Conclusions:

  • Depressive symptoms are not associated with major olfactory deficits in non-clinical older adults.
  • The findings suggest mood and smell function are independently maintained in this population.