[Principles of cardiovascular dynamics in the perspective of echocardiography]
Frank Lloyd Dini1, Simona Buralli, Sabina Gallina
1U.O. di Malattie Cardiovascolari 2, Ospedale S. Chiara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma, 67 56126 Pisa. f.dini@ao-pisa.toscana.it
Abstract:
The possibilities of applying the laws of dynamics to the study of myocardial mechanics are remarkable and to some extent neglected to characterize ventricular performance by the imaging techniques. There are potentially useful applications derived from the analyses of Doppler flow velocity profiles of left ventricular outflow to be applied to the study of cardiovascular dynamics. They include ejection force, pressure-volume work and ventricular power. All these variables require measurements that are easy to obtain even during a standard examination, like stroke volume, ventricular outflow velocity, and the velocity-time integral.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for diagnosing...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (First Heart Sound)-
S1 is made by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves (atrioventricular valves), marking the beginning of systole.
S2 (Second Heart Sound)-
S2 is made by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves), marking the end of the systole.
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...

