Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Electroencephalographic Assessment in Disorders of Consciousness
Published on: July 11, 2025
The neuro-behavioural syndrome of brainstem disease
1Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.
Abstract:
We describe two patients with isolated brainstem lesions who exhibited behavioural and cognitive changes that are commonly associated with frontal lobe pathology, as leading clinical features. These cases illustrate the role of distributed neural networks in cognitive and behavioural processes. The brainstem, frontal-subcortical and limbic systems are extensively and reciprocally linked via neurotransmitter projection pathways. We argue that cognitive and behavioural features in patients with brainstem lesions reflect remote effects of brainstem structures on frontal lobe and limbic regions, as a consequence of disruption to ascending neurotransmitter pathways.
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